Gender critical feminists and gender abolitionists view masculinity as male dominance or the role allocated to men to maintain their dominance over women as a class. Masculinity as a social system has to be destroyed to liberate women from male domination, but does that mean we have to give up wearing blue, watching football or having muscles? Does it mean we can say that all the traits associated with masculinity are destructive, and can’t exist outside of male power or any form of power? As general rule, most instrumental personality traits (Individualistic, Proactive, Motivated, Active, Analytical, Systemizing, Directional, Opinionated, Self Motivated, Aggressive, Strength, both physical and of will, Directness, Humour, Leadership, Competitiveness, Drive, Practicality,) are coded as masculine and encouraged in males/ discouraged in females but naturally can occur in most people. Besides being allocated this trait set and the skills and interests that go with them, males are also allocated more social power which persists in the absence of these traits and interests.
Colours
The colours pink and blue have both been associated with masculinity at different times in history, and have nothing innately in them that attaches them to sex, so its likely this will be more about personal taste in the future. The problem lies in making things blue to point out it’s for boys, or with making things that serve a function that has been associated with a task allocated to males in the past blue to mark it out as not for girls. Outside blue and pink the issue of making things aimed at men in deeper colours and things aimed at women in pastels to imply a link with the personality traits expected of the sexes (strong vs. delicate etc or that the women’s clothes will be worn more indoors) or insisting things that are unrelated to the needs of the sexed body be made based on sex at all. Even delicate fabrics imply women will spend more time caring for the clothing, and favour look over function and not do activities that would tear them.
Physical strength
Physical strength is greater on average for males vs. females and because of this tasks that require greater physical strength are allocated to males and coded as masculine and in many cases paid more simply bc male are seen as first class citizens and expect more. When women with the strength to do these jobs appear they face barriers to accessing them and the pay that comes with them and women tend to be demonised for physical strength as opposed to society’s greater value for it passing over to women when it comes to something that will lead them to greater pay. So in reality actively trying to devalue physical strength its self because it’s associated with men is only indirectly hitting the problem because males are valued more when doing other things, if jobs requiring strength paid less they would be passed over to women and done in smaller amounts. There is no reason women could not build houses out of smaller parts and spend longer doing it… In reality physical strength is as needed as the things you want to do with it, and how much you value it depends on how much you need it and it’s not inseparable from stamina. There is no evidence that stamina is sex specific, and this is why jobs requiring it don’t get a pay hike, and in a sense it’s more important then strength. Humans as a group need to make best use of physical strength in ways that achieve shared goals, regardless of physical sex.
Leadership
Leadership is something that is linked to masculinity and only valued when done by men, if done by women it’s always viewed in a negative light regardless of how it’s done. It’s assumed that because men have deeper voices, don’t have babies and are seen as more naturally aggressive they are more suited to this role. Under patriarchy leadership is power, and those who work under it are seen as below and in service to it. But in reality leadership is a task, the boss and the admin worker both provide a similar service, both are about structure and organization and both are needed for things to work and for the main workforce to know what they are doing, both jobs are instrumental but only one gets to make decisions and to hire and fire and only one is not seen as a servant, and that’s the boss (unless they are only a manager and then they are seen as serving the boss, never the workers). Without social hierarchy the manager and the worker are both in service to each other and on the same level, but management is still a needed task and someone has to make decisions and these decisions cant always be voted on because workers may only be working on one sector of the project and the manager has the full template of the whole thing. Without a structure like this big projects could not be completed if everyone had to work and keep the full plan in their head, so the need for managers will always remain, but the difference will be that they are not paid more, valued more have more power or be expected to be male.
Individuality and Autonomy
Individuality and being autonomous is expected more of men then of women and this is related to ideas that by biological design the male can go off and do his own thing as he takes a smaller role in physical reproduction, is more capable of looking after himself and is by nature more capable of getting to know the world and has less need for emotional connectedness. Being a man is about rolling on in life making your own decisions and facing the consequences directly and under patriarchy women are seen as part of that world and to be used. Men being individualistic and autonomous under patriarchy is not really a reality, its only possible to the extent it is when women as a class are making it possible, by doing all the childcare, cooking for them and doing many of the everyday tasks including managing men’s emotions and connections for them and even acting as a peacemaker among men to mop up when the competitive drive goes overboard. True individuality and autonomy would exist in a way that generates something that sustains the self and leaves some for others rather then depending on others to sustain it for you. It would mean being able to truly know and deal with the consequences of your decisions, on all levels including the emotional. Under patriarchy true individuality can never exist, because it separates the instrumental from the expressive and it means that individuality results in freedom at others expense rather then freedom that has a neutral or plus side impact on others. The question of if any human is capable of being fully individual and autonomous remains, because all humans are social animals with needs, but this does vary.
People by default should not be seen as owing others anything, but the line has to be drawn if the things they want to do under a stage of extreme separation affect others. At present men as a class when expressing individuality under the masculinity construct are not made to see the impact of their choices on women, and are actively preventing women from being individualistic and autonomous. There is one thing clear, no matter what path you are on if you are willing to obstruct another following a similar path something is wrong, if your going to do your own thing then others must be able to do so too and if they cant due to you needing them to do something else so you can be on your path, then it means your not truly on your own path. Its a bit like going out for a long walk, deciding where your going to go and also what your going to eat, whatever your going to eat has to be organized by you and cant be acquired by someone else having to stay at home and you angering at the fact they went out for a walk too, when you get home you must clean your own boots otherwise your walk was not an independent walk at all.
Clothing and Functionality
Clothing allocated to men or coded as masculine is usually thing that have a greater deal of functionality as opposed to just being things that have an absence of things that are ornament. Many womanswear items don’t have much about them that’s ornament but have little functionality built into them, and some menswear has ornament with no loss of functionality. Clothing also has things added to it to enhance features of the sexed body along side its functionality and ornament. It’s possible to find clothing that is highly ornament and fine like silk or high grade cotton in various colours but still retain the functionality associated with men’s clothing and if made to fit the male body in a way that plays up certain features the clothing will still be seen as masculine. The less functional it gets and the more the colours and patterns crossover in to current womenswear ones the more it gets coded as feminine. Womenswear which lacks ornament and is highly functional will still be seen as masculine even if cut to the shape of the female body, and this can be retained even if the clothing has some ornament added depending on how inline the ornament is with styles currently coded as feminine. Another factor apart from functionality that adds to clothing being viewed as masculine is things that indicate authority like ties or things that look like a suit or uniform of some kind, for this clothing to have that impact it must be in formal colours otherwise it won’t work. Often this clothing have things on them that have no function other then showing status, the embellishments are not there for ornament and because of that they serve an instrumental function as opposed to an expressive one. These could be stripes to indicate a rank, a tie of a certain colour or design and even colours used to indicate rank. Blue and pink when used to mark out children’s ties are used instrumentally and do act to mark out rank. When logos or fashions are used to mean something rather then for style they become instrumental and more associated with masculinity.
A lot of the clothing associated with masculinity now has a function outside the power dynamic and because of that will remain, there will always be people who want to dress more for function then ornament or any combination of both, and people who wear symbols to indicate meaning or ideas. What will change is how the clothing interacts, some things may remain for style like a full suit and tie would likely become a fashion item removed from its formal power association and made to fit who wears it in many fabrics and colours, it may become a small scale custom made item or it may vanish completely. What’s functional depends on what you are doing, what you need to put in the pockets etc and what you want it to fit you like. It’s likely a range of different ideas will emerge all with varying level of function and ornament. The function will serve the tasks of the time and the ornament the styles of the time, and not be linked to sex but clothing will still be made to fit the sexed body because of anatomy reasons, it just wont have sex based rules as to function and ornament. The concept of looking powerful socially through clothing will be gone, clothing that widens the shoulders will be just that, and exposed muscles will be just that, and there will be no way of showing social rank or status by clothing. In work colours and uniforms will persist for instrumental reasons of knowing who is who, and they will be wearer tailored and could consist of just a colour on the arm and then of whatever is needed to do the job leaving room for people to add ornament or extra functionality based on individual preference. Its likely rugged work wear will live on long after formal office suits because real world hands on tasks will always need doing and require certain clothing, many office tasks would be served better in a light weight cotton gown or some other fabric not made yet but not related to power over others because no hierarchy will exist .
Aggression and Competition
Aggression and competition can be grouped together when talked about as traits associated with masculinity because they are inter related and stem from each other. Both things exist as traits in humans to varying degrees, but having a social system where these traits are ideal and the driver forward is a product of patriarchy, without it these traits would take a back seat. This does not mean some people would not get angry any more or that people wont take part in races or contests, it means a social system that makes doing so necessary to survive would be gone.
At present most of the instrumental traits and tasks are to be done competitively as we live under an hierarchical social system, getting more then someone else is to be the life goal and its a result of a money system and patriarchal domination of resources. Women are seen as a resource so aggression and competition to acquire them towards women themselves or other men becomes part of the male sex role. It’s claimed women are punished for aggression and competition but in reality it depends on the direction it’s going in. Women who fight on the sides of men, or over men are not punished in the same way as women who fight men off. Women may should if they are shouting the tune of the patriarchy, but not if they are shouting for its destruction. Women may compete for marriage and men but not for tasks or jobs they want to do.
None conformity to patriarchy’s gender is a pattern of trait expression, not just simply expressing the traits in isolation outside context. A woman competing for social reward via a man vs. a woman competing for social reward in her own name and with aim of not needing a man will all be seen different. A woman who tries to bake a better cake then another woman is not viewed the way a woman who builds a bigger shed then a man next door would be, because competition is recognised more when its done in areas coded as masculine and its because the instrumental tasks are ones with more money attached to them and are to be done more competitively.
Gender non conforming in the land of no gender system.
Female gender non conformity always gets associated with masculinity because one has to cross over into territory coded as male only before they are seen as gender non conforming so from this a concept of female masculinity arises. The question of what it really is can never be fully answered but it’s clear it arises in many cultures, under many names and is related to the cultural construct of gender along with a tenancy to not want to follow the female allocated role. How its expressed is not universal, some women may identify as butch and be at their ideal when wearing a suit and tie and others will be at their best in utility hiking gear out in the woods and see themselves as a tomboy and its not clear which comes first the identity or what’s behind it. In the past when sex roles were more tighter then they are today it was more clear who was butch and who was not and there was more space to get labelled butch because women did not fix cars, women did not own there own car as often as men, women did not wear trousers or go hiking alone or watch football. There was a lot more things then just not liking pink or too much ornament in style of dress or liking functional clothing (functional in things coded as male activity which was most things) that women could not do as women and a lot more active things that could make up a butch sense of self, a lot more ways to feel useful outside the female role by doing things for other women that they would have depended on men for. The butch did not exist to do those things though, the orientation towards certain interests took her in that direction, and as a result of this it became part of who she was. Many of us don’t realize how much of who we think we are exists in interactive loops with the outside, we get feedback for functions we serve in society and these become part of our identity and social feedback reward system. Opening doors and carrying bags could become a part of the self we link with our sex or concept of gendered self if these things in society are coded by sex, and having the drive to do certain things outside of our sex role expectation could lead to getting no positive feedback and to a feeling of a pull to give something you don’t have instead. In this case the only option is to go off and focus on what you want to do, and except you will never be valued for the set of skills you have and over time they will go rusty or end up used for the wrong things or things.
Today there is less room for women to be butch in the way they could be several decades ago, but more room for women to fix cars without being called butch and more places women can wear pants without being called butch, but still many of those pants are without pockets. If a woman wore mans pants bc they did not make as many options for women several decades ago, today she may be wearing women’s pants but if it was for another reason like deep pockets, price or quality she may still be drawn to men’s pants because these things still have not changed, they may have worsened. Its likely that when clothing no longer display ornament, quality or function based on sex they will still have shape differences due to anatomy and you will still get some who for whatever reason want to cross over still and get the male shape because they want to, so a shadow of gender non conformity could still be seen in individuals but it wont mean nothing to others only to the wearer and it wont be recognized as gender. How much it’s possible to see some as more like the opposite sex will have to move onto physical features and when hairstyles and clothing are not as uniformed it will be hard to spot which females can be profiled this way, whatever natural patterns form will form. Women will still have babies and periods and breasts and have to accommodate this factor in terms of how these directly limit certain activities, but society won’t impose limits on women because of them. A woman may decide she wants to fix her breasts in a way that will allow her to run faster, to reject reproduction and to wear the squarer cut of clothing but it will not matter. You could push the limits of biological sex and it would be your body and unrelated to your social position, there would be no trait link up like now. So you could be really strong and muscled but not seen as ready to fight or less nurturing or even expected to be nurturing, because these are all traits that are used for different tasks and we don’t need to be bound to the same task all the time. Being able to do one thing does not mean you can’t do other thing.
At present gendered traits do a minus and women are seen as one dimensional, some people are one dimensional and naturally have a few strong straits and interests and focus on them, and are punished for the ones they lack in relation to their sex role more then what they are celebrated for the ones they have in relation to their sex role. Without the gender system and its sex roles it would be harder to be gender non conforming based on traits or interests.
Transgender
Could Trans men exist in these times? And what would Trans masculinity be then? I think its possible, and if it did it would not require the same social transition, and its likely the changes in the body would be seen no different to the changed of going from child to adult, or young to old, the place the person is plugged into the social grid would not change, their value as a person would remain the same. They would just be changing their biological direction. People still may confuse sexuality with what’s left of sense of sexed self and any identity around it, maybe in these times we will find out what Trans really is when all the social baggage has been removed. Many gender critical people say Trans will no longer exist past this point, but im keeping the possibility open. All the traits I have talked about can all exist together with trait currently coded as feminine, the way forward is to look in the pink and blue boxes as there are things in each that are needed to make the complete picture. Building a post patriarchy will be as instrumental as it’s expressive and to do it all the tools need to be taken back from its sex role constructs.
The here and now
Things that are coded masculine or things that only men do need to be looked at what is achieved by doing them, the aim should not be to bring these things down to being worth nothing, some things are in the blue box because they are important and allocated to men as a result of that because women are seen as not capable of doing them. Power needs to be redefined as something that is not used against others more as an energy used to achieve a goal and goals have to be things that don’t involve subjecting others to things that are in conflict with their goals, or trying to convince them there goals are to be subjected to things that disadvantage them. True achievement is not something that looks like progress just because someone else has been held back, strength is shown in what you can do with it, not in relation to someone else who has less otherwise its meaningless outside power dynamics. The properties of something remain, but its value is subjective and this is how the traits that make up masculinity will exist post patriarchy.